J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 12:51-56, February 2000
© 2000 American Psychiatric Press, Inc.
Relationship Between Symptoms and Motoric Subtype of Delirium
David J. Meagher, M.R.C.Psych.,
Donal O'Hanlon, M.R.C.Psych.,
Edmond O'Mahony, M.B.,
Patricia R. Casey, M.D., F.R.C.Psych. and
Paula T. Trzepacz, M.D.
Received June 22, 1998; revised January 15, 1999; accepted June 25, 1999. From St Ita's Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland; St Elizabeth's Hospital, Brighton, Massachusetts, USA; Affective Disorders Unit, Cork University Hospital, Republic of Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, University College Dublin and Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Republic of Ireland; and Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA. Address correspondence to Dr. Meagher, Crichton Royal Hospital, Dumfries, Scotland, DG1 4TG.
For 46 patients with delirium who were consecutive referrals to a consultation-liaison psychiatry service, the authors describe the relationships between symptoms, as rated on the Delirium Rating Scale, and delirium motoric subtypes, as defined by Liptzin and Levkoff's criteria. Most cases were of the mixed subtype (46%), 24% were hypoactive, and 30% were hyperactive. Overall scores differed significantly among motoric subtype groups, being highest in the hyperactive, lowest in the hypoactive, and intermediate in the mixed. On item scores, the hypoactive group scored lower than the hyperactive group for delusions, mood lability, sleep-wake cycle disturbances, and variability of symptoms, but lower than the mixed group only for mood lability. The results suggest that delirium presents as motoric subtypes that differ according to symptom profile and severity of delirium. These subtypes may differ in their underlying pathophysiologies, responsiveness to therapeutic interventions, and outcome.
Key Words: Delirium • Phenomenology
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