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An EEG Severity Index of Traumatic Brain Injury

Received March 15, 2000; revised May 25, 2000; accepted June 6, 2000. From the Bay Pines Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bay Pines, Florida, and Defense and Veterans Head Injury Program, Washington, DC. Address correspondence to Dr. Thatcher, Research and Development Service-151, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bay Pines, FL 33744.

EEG spectral analyses were conducted from 19 scalp locations for patients with mild (n=40), moderate (n=25), and severe (n=43) traumatic brain injury (TBI), 15 days to 4 years after injury. Severity of TBI was judged by emergency hospital admission records (Glasgow Coma Score and duration of coma and amnesia). Highest-loading EEG variables on each factor that differed significantly between severe and mild TBI by univariate t-test were entered into a multivariate discriminant analysis, yielding 16 variables. Discriminant analysis between mild and severe TBI groups showed classification accuracy of 96.39%, sensitivity 95.45%, and specificity 97.44%. The EEG discriminant score also measured intermediate severity in moderate TBI patients. Results were cross-validated in 503 VA patients. Significant correlations between EEG discriminant scores, emergency admission measures, and post-trauma neuropsychological test scores validated the discriminant function as an index of severity of injury and a classifier of the extremes of severity.

Key Words: Traumatic Brain Injury • Electroencephalography, Quantitative (qEEG)

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