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Cognitive Correlates of Human Brain Aging

A Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Investigation

Received May 9, 2000; revised September 23, 2000; accepted October 4, 2000. From the Departments of Psychiatry and of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; HealthSouth Harmarville Rehabilitation Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Radiology, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Washington, DC; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; and University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Address correspondence to Dr. Coffey, Department of Psychiatry, Henry Ford Health System, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI 48202. E-mail: ecoffey1{at}hfhs.org

The relations between age-related changes in brain structure and neuropsychological test performance in 320 elderly nonclinical volunteers (ages 66–90) were examined by using quantitative MRI data and measures of attention, information processing speed, language, memory, and visuospatial ability. Final path analyses revealed significant brain–behavior relationships for two of the six cognitive measures: the Trail Making Test part B and visual delayed memory. Poorer performance on Trails B was associated with smaller cerebral hemisphere volumes and larger volumes of peripheral CSF, lateral ventricles, and third ventricle. Poorer recall on visual delayed memory was associated with larger volumes of the lateral ventricles and third ventricle. The findings demonstrate a relationship between age-related changes in brain structure and an age-related decline in attention, psychomotor speed, and visual delayed memory. The neurobiological basis for this relationship requires further investigation.

Key Words: Aging • Magnetic Resonance Imaging • Cognition

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