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Toward a Neurobiology of Psychotherapy: Basic Science and Clinical Applications

Received March 31, 2005; accepted April, 14, 2005. From the Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Kavli Institute for Brain Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University Medical Center; the Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; the Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York. Address correspondence to Dr. Kandel, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032; (E-mail).

Psychotherapy is used commonly to treat a variety of mental illnesses, yet surprisingly little is known about its biological mechanisms especially in comparison with pharmacotherapy. In this review we survey the current knowledge about changes in brain function following psychotherapeutic intervention that are detectable with current neuroimaging techniques. We also consider the possible role for neuroimaging in refining clinical diagnoses and predicting treatment outcome, which would benefit both clinical decision-making and the cognitive neuroscience of psychotherapy.

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