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Long-Term Treatment of Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy

Received October 18, 2004; revised December 29, 2004; accepted December 30, 2004. From the University of California at Los Angeles, Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, California; and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Address correspondence to Dr. Marshall, 710 Westwood Plaza Reed Neurological Research Center, 2–238 Los Angeles, CA 90095–1769; gmarshall{at}mednet.ucla.edu (E-mail).

Hashimoto’s encephalopathy (HE) has been described as an encephalopathy, with acute or subacute onset, accompanied by seizures, tremor, myoclonus, ataxia, psychosis, and stroke-like episodes, with a relapsing/remitting or progressive course. HE patients have positive antithyroid antibodies, are usually in a subclinical hypothyroid state, have elevated cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) protein, and have nonspecific electroencephalogram (EEG) and imaging abnormalities in the absence of CNS infection, tumor, or stroke. The authors present two cases of HE, demonstrating an excellent response to high dose steroids acutely followed by long-term treatment with steroids and other immunomodulatory agents. A review of the literature is also provided.

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