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Brain Neuroimaging in Cannabis Use: A Review

Received September 29, 2005; revised February 14, 2006; accepted February 27, 2006. Dr. Quickfall is affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Dr. Crockford is affiliated with the Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Address correspondence to Dr. Quickfall, Department of Psychiatry, Foothills Medical Centre, 1403 29th St. NW, Calgary Alberta T2N 2T9, Canada; Jeremy.Quickfall{at}CalgaryHealthRegion.ca (E-mail).

In this study, the authors systematically reviewed structural and functional neuroimaging studies of cannabis use. Structural abnormalities generally have not been identified with chronic use. Regular users demonstrate reciprocal changes in brain activity globally and in cerebellar and frontal regions. Abstinence results in decreases, and administration results in increases correlating with subjective intoxication. Chronic use and cannabis administration result in attenuated brain activity in task-activated regions or activation of compensatory regions. Findings correlate partially with neuropsychological data, but generalization is limited by the lack of use of diagnostic criteria, appropriately paired neuropsychological testing or means to better quantify cannabis use and abstinence.

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