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Personality Disorder Symptomatology and Neuropsychological Functioning in Closed Head Injury

Received May 23, 2005; revised November 21, 2005; accepted December 30, 2005. Drs. Ruocco and Swirsky-Sacchetti are affiliated with the Department of Psychology, Neuropsychology Program, Drexel University, and the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Address correspondence to Dr. Ruocco, Drexel University, Department of Psychology, 245 North 15th Street, Mail Stop 626, Philadelphia, PA 19102; acr32{at}drexel.edu (e-mail).

Despite an emerging literature characterizing the neuropsychological profiles of borderline, antisocial, and schizotypal personality disorders, relations between personality disorder traits and neurocognitive domains remain unknown. The authors examined associations among Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory–III personality disorder scales and eight neuropsychological domains in 161 patients referred for neuropsychological evaluation following closed head injury. Most personality disorder scales were associated with some decrement in cognitive function, particularly speeded processing, executive function, and language, while histrionic and narcissistic scales had positive relations with neuropsychological functioning. Results suggest that many personality disorder traits are related to neurocognitive function, particularly those functions subserved by frontal and temporal regions.

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