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J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1990; 2:165-173
Copyright © 1990 by American Neuropsychiatric Association
Assessment of procedural learning and problem solving in schizophrenic patients by Tower of Hanoi type tasks
TE Goldberg, JA Saint-Cyr and DR Weinberger
Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, NIMH Neuroscience Center at St. Elizabeths, Washington, DC 20032.
Two versions of the Tower of Hanoi task were used to investigate different
components of learning and problem solving in schizophrenia. Prior studies
have suggested that a three-disk version (Tower 3), which involves
primarily problem-solving abilities and planning, is preferentially
sensitive to frontal lobe lesions and that the more difficult four-disk
version (Tower 4), which involves "learning by doing," is sensitive to
basal ganglia disease. Schizophrenic patients performed significantly worse
than normal subjects on Tower 3 and Tower 4. However, they performed at
least as well relatively on Tower 4 as on Tower 3, indicating that level of
difficulty per se does not account for their poor performance on these
tasks. Moreover, they eventually attained perfect or near-perfect
performance after four days of repeated administration. Their relatively
stronger performance on Tower 4 may have reflected an ability to acquire a
procedure and, as such, suggests greater preservation of basal ganglia
function than of prefrontal function.
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