Predictors of Abnormal Involuntary Movement in an African Schizophrenia Population

doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20.3.317

J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 20:317-326, August 2008
doi: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20.3.317
© 2008 American Neuropsychiatric Association



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	Cross-Cultural Psychiatry
	Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

Predictors of Abnormal Involuntary Movement in an African Schizophrenia Population

Dana J. H. Niehaus, D.Med., Stan A. du Plessis, Ph.D., Liezl Koen, M.Med., Barbara H. Lategan, M.Med., Janus Steyn, M.B., Ch.B., Petrus P. Oosthuizen, Ph.D., Louise Warnich, Ph.D. and Robin A. Emsley, Ph.D.

Received November 8, 2006; revised April 5, 2007; accepted May 1, 2007. Drs. Niehaus, Koen, Lategan, Steyn, Oosthuizen, and Emsley are affiliated with the Ngaphakathi Workgroup in the Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, at the University of Stellenbosch in Stellenbosch, South Africa. Dr. du Plessis is affiliated with the Department of Economics at the University of Stellenbosch. Dr. Warnich is affiliated with the Department of Genetics at Stellenbosch University in Stellenbosch, South Africa. Address correspondence to Prof. DJH Niehaus, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, PO Box 19090, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; djhn{at}sun.ac.za (e-mail).

As little is known about the risk factors for abnormal involuntarymovements in African patients with schizophrenia, 170 Xhosaparticipants with schizophrenia were rated with the abnormalinvoluntary movement scale. Abnormal involuntary movements occurredin 19.4% of this group. Modeling of the data set showed thatcombining age at interview, age-squared, cannabis use or abuse,and anhedonia successfully identified 82.35% of cases of involuntarymovements overall. Abnormal involuntary movements increasedwith increasing age (in a nonlinear manner), the presence ofa cannabis use or abuse history seems to be protective againstinvoluntary movements, and anhedonia is associated with thegroup that displayed fewer involuntary movements.

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