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Gender as a Moderator of Cognitive and Affective Outcome After Traumatic Brain Injury

Received June 27, 2007; revised and accepted September 20, 2007. Dr. Liossi is affiliated with the School of Psychology, University of Southampton, in Southampton, United Kingdom; Dr. Wood is affiliated with the Brain Injury Research Group, Department of Psychology, School of Human Sciences, Swansea University, in Swansea, United Kingdom. Address correspondence to Dr. Christina Liossi, School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; cliossi{at}soton.ac.uk (e-mail).

The aim of this investigation was to compare cognitive and affective functions in men and women who had suffered comparable brain injuries. In a prospective matched cohort design, 150 community-dwelling patients were individually matched on the basis of age, severity of injury, premorbid IQ, and time since injury. Women were significantly more impaired in verbal and visual memory compared with men. The degree of cognitive decline was significantly positively correlated with age in women, but not in men. Women had marginally higher scores compared with men on measures of anxiety and depression. It is concluded that gender is a moderator of cognitive and affective outcome after brain injury.

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