Journal of Neuropsychiatry CLINICAL AND RESEARCH REPORTS

Disinhibition Due to Disruption of the Orbitofrontal Circuit Treated Successfully With Carbamazepine: A Case Series [CLINICAL AND RESEARCH REPORTS]

Spiegel, D. R., Burgess, J., Samuels, D., Laroia, R., Kirshenbaum, S. — 2009-09-23

The frontal-subcortical pathways play a role in governing behavior. Injury may disrupt their functioning and produce neuropsychiatric symptoms. The authors discuss the kindling theory in the possible production of these symptoms, which significantly improved with the potent antikindling agent, carbamazepine.

A Pilot Study Revealing Impaired P50 Gating in Antisocial Personality Disorder [CLINICAL AND RESEARCH REPORTS]

2009-09-23

The authors investigated preattentive filtering assessed by P50 gating in nine participants with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and seven with adult-onset antisocial behavior (AAB). Relative to 15 comparison subjects, gating was impaired in ASPD, suggesting abnormal pre-attentive filtering in pathological impulsivity.

Late-Life Reactivation of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Associated With Lesions in Prefrontal-Subcortical Circuits [CLINICAL AND RESEARCH REPORTS]

Salinas, C., Davila, G., Berthier, M. L., Green, C., Lara, J. P. — 2009-09-23

The authors describe the reactivation of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in three patients with lesions in the prefronto-subcortical circuits after decades of being asymptomatic. The patients also reported the emergence of new OCD symptoms and motor/phonic tics as well as mental rituals thematically related to the negative experience of suffering cognitive and motor deficits.

Apathy Due to Cerebrovascular Accidents Successfully Treated With Methylphenidate: A Case Series [CLINICAL AND RESEARCH REPORTS]

Spiegel, D. R., Kim, J., Greene, K., Conner, C., Zamfir, D. — 2009-07-21

Apathy has been observed in various types of neuropsychiatric illness, including degenerative, traumatic, and cerebrovascular. In this article, the authors describe the neurobiology of cerebrovascular induced apathy and its treatment.

Neuroanatomy of Pathological Laughing and Crying: A Report of the American Neuropsychiatric Association Committee on Research [CLINICAL AND RESEARCH REPORTS]

2009-04-09

Pathological laughing and crying (PLC) is a clinical condition that occurs in patients with various neurological disorders. It is characterized by the presence of episodic and contextually inappropriate or merely exaggerated outbursts of laughter and/or crying without commensurate feelings. This review provides an in depth analysis of the neuroanatomy of lesions seen in patients with this clinical condition, discusses the relevant functional neuroimaging and electrophysiological stimulation studies in human subjects, and summarizes the current treatment options. It concludes with a presentation of the remaining questions and directions for future research.

The Effect of Mental Illness on Language Regression to the Mother Tongue in Bilingual Teenagers [CLINICAL AND RESEARCH REPORTS]

El-Gabalawi, F., Khouzam, H. — 2009-04-09

Affective disorders in children and adolescents could impair the acquisition of a second language in bilingual individuals. The acute exacerbation of a preexisting mental illness may also lead to a loss of the ability to speak the second language for a period of time and the regression to the first (native) language as the only mode of communication. The effect could be lasting since the second language seems to have a critical period of optimal acquisition and proficiency. The underlying neural mechanisms indicated that the second language was more vulnerable to the effects of mental illness than the native language.

Risperidone Therapy in Two Successive Pregnancies [CLINICAL AND RESEARCH REPORTS]

Mendhekar, D., Lohia, D. — 2009-02-05

There is very limited information available on the use of psychotropic drugs in consecutive pregnancies. The authors report a case of a woman with schizophrenia wherein risperidone was used successfully in two consecutive pregnancies. This is only the second known report in the existing literature in which atypical antipsychotic was used successfully in two successive pregnancies.

Treating Mania in Wilson's Disease with Lithium [CLINICAL AND RESEARCH REPORTS]

Loganathan, S., Nayak, R., Sinha, S., Taly, A., Math, S., Varghese, M. — 2009-02-05

The Clinical Analysis of General Paresis With 5 Cases [CLINICAL AND RESEARCH REPORTS]

Luo, W., Ouyang, Z., Xu, H., Chen, J., Ding, M., Zhang, B. — 2009-02-05

General paresis is considered to be a "treatable" dementia, in which early diagnosis and treatment play a very important role. In recent years, its occurrence might have increased significantly due to the increasing incidence of syphilis. The authors report five cases of general paresis in order to draw attention to this dementia.